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Author Topic: Vertical CG  (Read 17664 times)

Offline Ken Culbertson

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Vertical CG
« on: January 04, 2025, 12:18:10 PM »
As I am nearing completion of an inline twin version of my Endgame design I am getting increasingly concerned that I may have gotten the vertical CG way off.  I simply forgot the tricycle landing gear and the extra ESC.  The fuselage area including the rudder is pretty balanced with a small edge going to the top but it is all light molded balsa.  The motor and battery are both on the centerline, a mistake that I cannot correct with an odd shaped battery.  The timer and both ESC's along with most all of the wiring ended up below the center line.  Nothing can be moved in the vertical plane without building a new fuselage.  Right now, fully assembled "ready to fly" without covering it appears to hang fairly straight by the leadouts so I may be wasting my time worrying about it, but, if initial flights show outboard wing up in both directions, what do I do?

In my experience only changing the asymmetry of the wing area can fix this.  What if adding raw weight to the top would help?  It would probably take 2-3 ounces to balance 2 ESC's and the wheels.  This is my first electric inline twin canard, next time ( LL~) I will spend a little more time on the plans!

Ken

I was thinking relative to the fuselage when I wrote that.  When you read it not knowing what I was thinking you get a giant "Huhh"?  Sorry, relative to the flight plane the outboard tip would be Up in Level and Down inverted.  Relative to the fuselage both would be the same direction - towards the top.  My bad.
« Last Edit: January 04, 2025, 03:34:10 PM by Ken Culbertson »
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Offline BillLee

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #1 on: January 04, 2025, 12:36:59 PM »
.....out it, but, if initial flights show outboard wing up in both directions, what do I do?....

Maybe I don't understand, but why would  vertical cg offset result in "wing up in both directions"?

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Offline Massimo Rimoldi

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #2 on: January 04, 2025, 12:58:10 PM »
Move the leadout exit point vertically to bring it to the same height as the CG.

Massimo

Online Brett Buck

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #3 on: January 04, 2025, 01:43:01 PM »
Maybe I don't understand, but why would  vertical cg offset result in "wing up in both directions"?

  It doesn't.    I am not sure where the strange obsession over vertical CG has come from, unless you do something way off the track, it's very hard to get it far enough off that other trim problems won't completely swamp it.

   If that is the issue, it needs more tip weight.   

     Brett

Online Brett Buck

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #4 on: January 04, 2025, 01:59:21 PM »
Right now, fully assembled "ready to fly" without covering it appears to hang fairly straight by the leadouts so I may be wasting my time worrying about it, but, if initial flights show outboard wing up in both directions, what do I do?

     Add tip weight, this is not a vertical CG problem. Add tip weight until the wings are level, if it is rolled in one way and rolled out the other way, tweak the flaps until it is the same. Then you can start trimming normally.

    I sincerely doubt that your vertical CG is off far enough to notice, even if it was 2" low or high, which it isn't, it would have a very minimal effect on the performance  and it certainly would not result in a constant inboard roll in both directions, it causes inboard one way and outboard the other way.

      I would disregard the issue, unless you have other unresolvable trim issues after every other adjustment has proven inadequate (in this case, an infinitesimal tweak beyond that required to compensate for the other misalignments and warps).

     Brett

Offline Ken Culbertson

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #5 on: January 04, 2025, 03:18:44 PM »
I sincerely doubt that your vertical CG is off far enough to notice, even if it was 2" low or high, which it isn't, it would have a very minimal effect on the performance...it certainly would not result in a constant inboard roll in both directions, it causes inboard one way and outboard the other way.
It is still unflown, but I have to agree that it would be up level and down inverted, not both the same way...that was a brain fart, it comes with age.  As for the rest, that (I sincerely doubt that your vertical CG is off far enough to notice, even if it was 2" low or high, which it isn't, it would have a very minimal effect on the performance) is EXACTLY what I wanted to hear.  THANKS!

Ken
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Offline Ken Culbertson

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #6 on: January 04, 2025, 03:28:18 PM »
Move the leadout exit point vertically to bring it to the same height as the CG.

Massimo

Can't do that, the tips are very thin.

Ken
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Offline pmackenzie

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #7 on: January 04, 2025, 05:01:23 PM »
FWIW, the MaxBee has the CG quite high. Wing is low-ish. Motor and battery (per the plans ) are up high.
I had to tweak the flaps to get it to fly wings flat, but once done it flies fine.
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Offline Ken Culbertson

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #8 on: January 04, 2025, 06:17:14 PM »
FWIW, the MaxBee has the CG quite high. Wing is low-ish. Motor and battery (per the plans ) are up high.
I had to tweak the flaps to get it to fly wings flat, but once done it flies fine.
What I am sensing is that Vertical CG within normal building practices causes a part of that wing up/down that we correct on day one of flight trimming and we never even asked ourselves why that warp free and perfectly alligned masterpiece didn't fly perfectly level on the first flight.  We just tweaked it and moved on to lap times.

QED - Ken   
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Online Brett Buck

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #9 on: January 04, 2025, 08:11:26 PM »
What I am sensing is that Vertical CG within normal building practices causes a part of that wing up/down that we correct on day one of flight trimming and we never even asked ourselves why that warp free and perfectly alligned masterpiece didn't fly perfectly level on the first flight.  We just tweaked it and moved on to lap times.

QED - Ken   

    Just think of the angles involved. Suppose you get the vertical CG off by 1/2" and your inner wing panel is 28".  That will cause a static yaw angle of atan(.5/28) or about 1 degree. Based on everything I have seen for the last 50 or so years, if you get your trim within 5 degrees most of the time, you will be doing really well. Tweaking out 1 degree with the flaps will take maybe 0.020" of flap differential. I doubt I am getting foam wings that close, there's no hope of a built-up wing and flaps staying that straight or twisting that symmetrically over load or heat/humidity.

    There are cases were vertical CG can get far enough off to matter, like low-wing planes without dihedral (like the Firecat), and I have seen several people with 2-d leadout guides to adjust it. But in most cases tweaking it out will almost always get it close enough that there are other things will swamp the effect.

     Brett

Offline Igor Burger

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #10 on: January 05, 2025, 05:09:45 AM »
FWIW, the MaxBee has the CG quite high. Wing is low-ish. Motor and battery (per the plans ) are up high.
I had to tweak the flaps to get it to fly wings flat, but once done it flies fine.

It was actually intentional trick. If you trim model as Pat wrote in evel flight, you have little bit inward flap moment balancing that outward CG momet from centrifugal force. If you fly overhead in figures vertical 8 or hourglass, when CG centrifugal force gets smaller, that inward flap moment will make model microscopically rolled in, what makes him little bit tip heavy and make V8 and houglass safe in wind.

Yes it appears also in wingover, but it does not hurt anything. Little problematic is 4L but since we fly it from level fligh lately, it does not make any problems.

Offline Doug Moon

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #11 on: January 05, 2025, 10:04:18 AM »
What I am sensing is that Vertical CG within normal building practices causes a part of that wing up/down that we correct on day one of flight trimming and we never even asked ourselves why that warp free and perfectly alligned masterpiece didn't fly perfectly level on the first flight.  We just tweaked it and moved on to lap times.

QED - Ken   

No, we are not trimming out vertical CG issues. With the relatively smallish fuses we use they are non existent. We are trimming out natural roll and yaw flap position.

BB already explained the difference in VCG spread over the length of the wing. This is what I was referencing the other day in our text convo. Your twin is close to ready will be very interesting to see the performance.   
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Offline Howard Rush

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #12 on: January 05, 2025, 04:24:34 PM »
It was actually intentional trick. If you trim model as Pat wrote in evel flight, you have little bit inward flap moment balancing that outward CG momet from centrifugal force. If you fly overhead in figures vertical 8 or hourglass, when CG centrifugal force gets smaller, that inward flap moment will make model microscopically rolled in, what makes him little bit tip heavy and make V8 and houglass safe in wind.

Yes it appears also in wingover, but it does not hurt anything. Little problematic is 4L but since we fly it from level fligh lately, it does not make any problems.

That's interesting.  How does your lower-than-usual vertical stabilizer contribute?

One for sure doesn't want to have a low vertical CG.  I finished my first electric airplane just before the Nats, as is my wont. Initial flights at Auburn and the WSR showed that something was awful.  I had miscalculated vertical CG.  I raised the battery an inch on the way to the Nats and all was well. 

A flap mistrim actually helped me once.  I somehow bumped the flap and got a little left roll just before a Nats semifinal.  It was extremely windy that day.  I figured I would crash anyhow, so what the heck.  As Igor said, it helped me survive the vertical eight and hourglass. 
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Offline Air Ministry

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #13 on: January 05, 2025, 07:40:17 PM »
Wotcher dois , hang it - from the leadouts . And look at a door jamb , in the distance . Can the battery go up & down . But a diagonal voiticle C G might ensure . . . .  VD~

Offline Howard Rush

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #14 on: January 05, 2025, 11:24:44 PM »
Wotcher dois , hang it - from the leadouts . And look at a door jamb , in the distance . Can the battery go up & down . But a diagonal voiticle C G might ensure . . . .  VD~

Won’t work where I live. With all the earthquakes, no door jambs are plumb.
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Offline Igor Burger

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Re: Vertical CG
« Reply #15 on: January 06, 2025, 02:42:28 AM »
That's interesting.  How does your lower-than-usual vertical stabilizer contribute?


Yes, you got it  ;D Low rudder seems to work the opposite way compared to the trick with vertical CG (a high vertical stabilizer in a side wind tilts the model outward, so over the head in zero side wind, the same effect should occur). Therefore, a low vertical stabilizer is counterproductive in this sense, but centrifugal force works differently than crosswind, even we feel it similarly on the handle.

I learned to make low vertical stabilizers as a boy when I was flying with Jozef Gabris and his Supermaster with an extremely high vertical stabilizer. I often had trouble in the wind when entering the wingover because the model slowed down against the wind, and thanks to the high vertical stabilizer, it tilted inward into the circle, making the entry into the wingover problematic because of loss of line tension. I realized this when I noticed that entering from normal flight was difficult, but entering from inverted flight was safe(r).

The Maxbee has the entire surface of the vertical stabilizer aproximately symmetric around the thrust line and the stabilizer axis. The CG is vertically somewhere between the wing and the thrust line, but the moment in side wind come from distance to wing (LO exit) so it still creates some small moment in a side wind. However, compared to the MAXII which had higher vertical stabilizer, which I had at the World Championships in 2008 (placed second between David and Han), I don't feel too much difference in normal flight (except in extreme wind when entering the wingover). But iw was orriginally piped model (first time used in Sebnitz 2002 powered by OS.46 and pipe) so the wing was placed little up.

In any case Maxbees fly in wind much better than MAXII and MAX (MAXII and MAX are identical, differing only in logarithmic controls).


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