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Author Topic: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage  (Read 10795 times)

Mike Griffin

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A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« on: February 05, 2013, 09:55:22 PM »
Can a flapped Profile model fly the pattern as well as a flapped built up fuselage model?  I see no reason why it cannot but what say you?

Mike

Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #1 on: February 05, 2013, 10:08:36 PM »
Can a flapped Profile model fly the pattern as well as a flapped built up fuselage model?  I see no reason why it cannot but what say you?

Mike

I would suppose that aerodynamically there should be no difference all things equal.  However structurally the profile will always be at a disadvantage.  Vibration in the fuselage engine mounting can be a significant difference and may affect the engine run.  The main problem however is the stiffness of the fuselage between the wing and stabilizer.
The profile fuselage can never have the torsional stiffness of the box structure of a built up fuselage and this can cause twisting of the fuselage resulting in momentary misalignment of the stab to wing.  This is especially true as the wind velocity rises.
That's not to say that profiles can not fly well just that they are always structurally handicapped.

Randy Cuberly
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Mike Griffin

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #2 on: February 05, 2013, 10:13:41 PM »
Randy does a built up profile fuselage or sheeting it with 1/64th plywood help eliminate that problem?

Mike

Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #3 on: February 05, 2013, 10:25:58 PM »
Randy does a built up profile fuselage or sheeting it with 1/64th plywood help eliminate that problem?

Mike

Well Mike,
Certainly it probably helps to some extent.  However the torsional stiffness of a structure is largely dependent on the area between the structural members.  Torsional stiffness in the box structure can be increased by adding lattice type members (truss members) in between the sides and top and bottom but the main stiffnes simply comes from the bending and tensile
stiffness of the sides, top, and bottom.  the farther they are apart the stiffer will be the structure.  That's a little bit of an oversimplification but basically still holds true.

I would add that it's probably likely that one could build a full fuselage of the same basic dimensions as a profile to be lighter than the profile due to the extra plywood required to give any semblance of stiffness to the front end etc.

I think the only real potential advantage to the profile is that it's a little simpler to build and install controls in.  And that it's sgnificantly easier to repair when the unspeakable happens!

Randy C.
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Mike Griffin

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #4 on: February 05, 2013, 10:36:34 PM »
Thank you Randy

Mike

Online Dan McEntee

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #5 on: February 06, 2013, 01:30:35 AM »
   Flapped profile models can be made to fly very well, I would say right with a full fuse model. There are the issues that Randy mentions, but it all depends on the level you fly at. There is a local guy here in St. Louis name John Garrett that flew a SIG Twister all the way from Beginner class through Expert, and beat some good pilots along the way and when he got to Expert. I'm talking about the SAME airplane, not several Twisters, and it was a box stock airplane powered by a stock FP-.40. John travels a lot in his line of work and didn't have much time to build, so he got the most out of each airplane he bought or built. True testament that practice pays off.  John wore out three or four FP.40's along the way and burned countless gallons of fuel. It all boils down to what you want and what level you are flying at. If you are just starting out, going through airplanes at a fast rate, profiles can be built quicker and less expensively. They can give you the hours on the handle that you need. When you get into the upper echelons of competition, appearance and overall impression start kicking in, along with improved skill and the ability to take advantage of the better flying qualities of a full fuse model. And this all can happen at a different rate for everybody. Again, in my opinion, it's all about what you want and what you need.
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Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #6 on: February 06, 2013, 07:26:19 AM »
Go fly  a Bob Gialdini Rayette and/or a Dick Mathis Coyote.

Offline Steve Fitton

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #7 on: February 06, 2013, 07:28:01 AM »
What Allen said.  Go fly a Rayette.  I was amazed at how well the example I have flies.
Steve

Mike Griffin

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #8 on: February 06, 2013, 08:23:20 AM »

You know, back a couple of years ago or maybe it was three, I got permission from Bob Gialdini (hope i spelled Bob's last name correctly) to kit the Rayette and I sold quite a few kits.  I built one myself and loved it and finally gave it away to someone.  It was an excellent flying model.

The reason I asked the question is that I do not fly anymore because of health reasons and never got to the level of flying the complete pattern before my health went South and I thought since there are a lot of you who have been flying for years that you would be much more qualified as good pilots to answer this question.

Thanks for the responses so far and I hope more will respond with their knowledge.

Mike

Offline john e. holliday

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #9 on: February 06, 2013, 08:24:03 AM »
Better yet is the Fancher "Doctor" or the smaller "Intern".
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Mike Griffin

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #10 on: February 06, 2013, 08:32:22 AM »
What about a profile with electric power?  Would that eliminate the vibration problem?

Mike

Offline Dennis Moritz

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #11 on: February 06, 2013, 09:22:50 AM »
The vibration issue can usually be handled. A stiff front end, however it's done, works well with FPs, LAs and the like. Foxes sometimes work better with old time Ringmaster front ends. These observations based on the experiences in my club. Folks try different ways to stop the tail from wagging. DD has a method he likes. Mike Palko flew a stock Twister powered by a stock Fox 35 into Expert. That's Mike. Yes. Electric power eliminates engine vibration issues. Can be embarrassingly effective. A club member flew his way out of Intermediate, quickly, flying some kind of electric profile. Shocking how well it cornered. No surprise, he had no engine run issues. His power, a Chinese made, inexpensive, power system. My best profile is a cheater Magician. Stab and elevator lengthened about 30%, slightly wider than stock, moveable flaps. The fues is picked from my lightest wood. Silkspanned and doped. When a friend flew the plane I could see stab twist induced by prop wash. Surprised me, because the plane, nevertheless, tracks well. Dan Banjok has flown it. Judging it to be a very good flier. Definitely better than any of my ARF full fues birds. It is light. 33 ounces. Powered by a Tower 40. I flew it at the NATs last year, off the L-pad, in Advanced. I am an Intermediate flier. When I kept my wits about me and did all the figures, the results reflected my flying skill.

Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #12 on: February 06, 2013, 09:59:45 AM »
Even with the narrow fuselage of profiles, you can build the fuselage with two pieces of 1/4" balsa and make a sandwich of slow/slow curing epoxy over carbon fiber between the two pieces of balsa.  Clamp it down tight and allow it to cure for 24 hours.  Then shape the fuselage to shape.  This will work for the Coyote, Doctor, Medic, Excalibur, etc.

Offline Doug Moon

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #13 on: February 06, 2013, 10:13:36 AM »
What Allen said.  Go fly a Rayette.  I was amazed at how well the example I have flies.

What does the Rayette look like?  Size?
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Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #14 on: February 06, 2013, 10:18:03 AM »
About 600 squares at 43 ounces.

Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #15 on: February 06, 2013, 10:19:22 AM »
Go to the Eclipse article in Model Aviation of 2011, perhaps the August issue.
« Last Edit: February 06, 2013, 11:32:06 AM by Allen Brickhaus »

Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #16 on: February 06, 2013, 12:09:56 PM »
Even with the narrow fuselage of profiles, you can build the fuselage with two pieces of 1/4" balsa and make a sandwich of slow/slow curing epoxy over carbon fiber between the two pieces of balsa.  Clamp it down tight and allow it to cure for 24 hours.  Then shape the fuselage to shape.  This will work for the Coyote, Doctor, Medic, Excalibur, etc.

Allen,
Structurally it makes no sense to put the stiff piece in between the balsa pieces .
It would be far better to use the carbon fiber on the outside.
I'm not arguing whether or not this worked for you but...it's agains all principles of sturctural engineering.
I agree that profiles can fly well and said so, and certainly there are talented guys around that can fly a nearly perfect pattern with a ringmaster.
However the original question was whether a profile could fly just as well as a full fuse airplane.
All things equal...It cannot!  It can fly well enough to fool some folks apparently.

Certainly for beginners intermediates and sport fliers, and anyone else that thinks they are going to crash once in a while...the profile makes perfect sense.

However if you're looking for what flies the BEST...they don't.  And I don't think it has anything to do with IMPRESSION...appearance points, maybe.

Randy C.





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Offline Tim Wescott

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #17 on: February 06, 2013, 12:22:35 PM »
Allen,
Structurally it makes no sense to put the stiff piece in between the balsa pieces .
It would be far better to use the carbon fiber on the outside.
I'm not arguing whether or not this worked for you but...it's agains all principles of sturctural engineering.

I mostly agree, although I think having the CF on the inside may make some difference just because of it's own torsional stiffness.

Certainly putting it on the outside will make the most difference, at the cost of making repairs more difficult.

Certainly for beginners intermediates and sport fliers, and anyone else that thinks they are going to crash once in a while...the profile makes perfect sense.

Having just crashed a profile that was built with thin plywood over a built-up core, and deciding that it's too much work to get it fixed nicely, I can only add the caviat: if they aren't too elaborate.  If you're still crashing, just use a big slab of balsa and have glue standing by.  Unfortunately the profile that's on my building board now got started before I learned the lesson, so it's quite elaborate that way, too. Oh well -- live and learn.
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Offline Geoff Goodworth

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #18 on: February 06, 2013, 05:34:51 PM »
Pat Johnston has designed several profile models recently that use a 1/2" balsa nose covered with ply and 1/2" polystyrene foam fuselage core clad with balsa sheet behind the max thickness point of the wing. I plan to give it a try with a model currently on the building board.

Offline Jim Kraft

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #19 on: February 06, 2013, 06:47:38 PM »
Not the best flying flapped profile out there, but a really good one. I think the short coupling and wide fuse help to keep the fuse from twisting at the stab. You do have to have the balance point about an 1" behind where it shows on the plans when adding flaps to make it corner well. I have built four of them and they all flew about the same. One of the best trainers out there as far as I am concerned.
Jim Kraft

Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #20 on: February 07, 2013, 04:06:18 PM »
Not the best flying flapped profile out there, but a really good one. I think the short coupling and wide fuse help to keep the fuse from twisting at the stab. You do have to have the balance point about an 1" behind where it shows on the plans when adding flaps to make it corner well. I have built four of them and they all flew about the same. One of the best trainers out there as far as I am concerned.

The original Imitation (a profile with an RC mount to allow the engine to be installed at any angle) flew very competitively in the Top Five Flyoff at one Nationals after the pilot's airplane with which he qualified was destroyed during practice the morning of the Top Five/Walker Cup flyoff (in those years the Junior and Senior champions flew in the Top Five flyoff and the highest scorer [sans appearance points] was the winner of the Walker Cup).

The Imitation did come in fifth but not by much and the pilot hadn't flown it at all for some months before.  Of all my designs, that Imitation was the easiest to fly well.

Ted Fancher

Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #21 on: February 07, 2013, 04:25:04 PM »
The original Imitation (a profile with an RC mount to allow the engine to be installed at any angle) flew very competitively in the Top Five Flyoff at one Nationals after the pilot's airplane with which he qualified was destroyed during practice the morning of the Top Five/Walker Cup flyoff (in those years the Junior and Senior champions flew in the Top Five flyoff and the highest scorer [sans appearance points] was the winner of the Walker Cup).

The Imitation did come in fifth but not by much and the pilot hadn't flown it at all for some months before.  Of all my designs, that Imitation was the easiest to fly well.

Ted Fancher

OK I give up...everybody should build an fly profiles because they fly best!!!

Must be the FLEX in the Fuselage that makes them work so well... LL~ LL~ LL~ D>K

Randy C.
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Offline Jim Kraft

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #22 on: February 07, 2013, 04:49:53 PM »
One thing nice about profiles is everything is easy to get to for making adjustments. Flap to elevator, or flap and elevator, raising and lowering tank, thrust changes to engine, and side mounted engines are to me the easiest to start. Not that all of these adjustments can't be made on a full fuse, it is just simpler on a profile.
Jim Kraft

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #23 on: February 07, 2013, 05:48:41 PM »
I am about half way through with my Imitation Build.  I had to quit because of some health issues but am back at it.  I am just a hacker when it comes to stunt but I am anxious to see how she flies.  Ted helped me on the phone with some questions I had.  Thank you Ted.   I truly wish there was a way to eliminate flexing in a profile fuselage but I guess that will always be something we will have to contend with unless someone invents a synthetic material you can cut and sand to the shape you want that would be very rigid.  Regardless I appreciate everyones input into this.. much obliged guys

Mike

Offline Tim Wescott

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #24 on: February 07, 2013, 06:09:17 PM »
I truly wish there was a way to eliminate flexing in a profile fuselage but I guess that will always be something we will have to contend with unless someone invents a synthetic material you can cut and sand to the shape you want that would be very rigid.  Regardless I appreciate everyones input into this.. much obliged guys

Maybe cross-wound carbon fiber, vacuum-bagged with epoxy.  But remember what I said about repairability and whacking the fuse out of 1/2" balsa?
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Offline Dave_Trible

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #25 on: February 07, 2013, 06:16:39 PM »
My humble opinion is that maybe there is a little too much worry about the profile fuse twisting.  They usually aren't very highly powered nor flown much in higher winds-the two more problematic situations concerning fuselage flex.  On my Sukhoi design the plank is two piece, top and bottom.  I used harder wood (7-8#) for the upper half where the stab is and soft wood for the bottom. Never a problem.  I did build one with (4-6#) throughout and did think it a little spongy.  I went back to glass that one and it solved the issue.  If concerned about yours just use a little harder wood and cover in glass or carbon. The profile fuse is already saving you weight so don't worry about it.  And yes,  a profile can fly very well if well built and well powered.  Probably won't win the U.S. Nats but maybe the Aussie Nats a few times.

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Offline Phil Spillman

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #26 on: February 07, 2013, 07:10:23 PM »
Hay Dan, Was the Twister thatthat guy flew green for the most part by any chance? If it was I saw him fly several times at Cincinnati, OH and in Columbus I think as well! Just curious since e those were the early days for me in Western Pennsylvania.

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Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #27 on: February 08, 2013, 01:01:25 PM »
OK I give up...everybody should build an fly profiles because they fly best!!!

Must be the FLEX in the Fuselage that makes them work so well... LL~ LL~ LL~ D>K

Randy C.

Now Randy. Shame on you.   ~> ~> That wasn't what I said.

I sort of disagree with your contention that profiles are inherently inferior fliers but you are absolutely correct that the "standard" profile layout suffers from rigidity problems that make them susceptible to degradation in performance that has little to do with their airworthiness.  All of my  profile designs have done something to reduce exposure to those problem...primarily with respect to firming up the front end to provide better engine runs which is probably much more important than any possible aerodynamic shortcomings profiles might have.  I think the attention being paid to firming up the aft fuselage (particularly on modern length tails) has merit as well.

If, however, rigidity and maximized engine performance issues are properly addressed I can think of nothing about a simple fuse with the "stuff" hanging out all over it that makes one irredeemably handicapped.  The primary thing from an aerodynamic standpoint that differentiates a profile from a well designed and executed built up fuse is the drag that results from all the "stuff" hanging out in the breeze.  One of the tenets with which I'm in full agreement with Al Rabe is that form drag on a stunt ship isn't an altogether bad thing.  First because we don't need to fly at speeds that demand minimization of drag and second that some form drag (as opposed to high induced drag from inefficient lifting surfaces that can compromise speed control in maneuvers) really helps control speed and to some degree allows the use of greater thrust without excessive airspeed which can benefit us by virtue of improved speed consistency.

The things to which I attributed the Imitation's wonderful handling qualities were the relatively high aspect ratio wing, the longer and larger tail and the small chord flaps (15% of the chord at all stations) which reduced hinge loads and allowed a light touch on the handle.  The original was a very predictable flier than didn't require any significant amount of practice to fly well and was very forgiving of trim variations.  A ton of Imitation derivatives were built in the Bay Area with built up fuses taken more or less directly from the plans for the Excitation which was based on the Imitation aerodynamic ideas and profile view but used a more tapered wing with swept forward hingelines.  The hermaphrodite versions simply put the better handling Imitation wing in the Excitation fuse with a tiny adjustment to the wing cut-out to place the MAC in the proper place.  David Fitz, for example, built at least two (and I think three) of these that he flew with some success at Nats and team trials.

The bottom line vis a vis profile versus built up stunters is that serious stunt fliers want serious looking airplanes and, frankly, need them to optimize the handicapping that precedes flight--i.e. appearance points.  There is also the questionable concern about impression points from the judges--a subject into which I prefer not to venture ;) ;).

Ted

Offline Steve Helmick

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #28 on: February 08, 2013, 01:19:45 PM »
I should wait for Howard's post (next?), but I won't. A profile can fly very well, and most importantly, the profile flier most often cannot tell that the profile fuselage is causing trouble. Also not so likely to be flying in the high winds that would show it to be a problem.

One of the problems I saw with the KISS! was that while the fuselage was very rigid, the stabalizer was flexible enough to almost completely waste the fuselage's rigidity. The plastic film covering was largely responsible for that flexibility.   D>K Steve
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Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #29 on: February 08, 2013, 02:19:33 PM »
Now Randy. Shame on you.   ~> ~> That wasn't what I said.

I sort of disagree with your contention that profiles are inherently inferior fliers but you are absolutely correct that the "standard" profile layout suffers from rigidity problems that make them susceptible to degradation in performance that has little to do with their airworthiness.  All of my  profile designs have done something to reduce exposure to those problem...primarily with respect to firming up the front end to provide better engine runs which is probably much more important than any possible aerodynamic shortcomings profiles might have.  I think the attention being paid to firming up the aft fuselage (particularly on modern length tails) has merit as well.

If, however, rigidity and maximized engine performance issues are properly addressed I can think of nothing about a simple fuse with the "stuff" hanging out all over it that makes one irredeemably handicapped.  The primary thing from an aerodynamic standpoint that differentiates a profile from a well designed and executed built up fuse is the drag that results from all the "stuff" hanging out in the breeze.  One of the tenets with which I'm in full agreement with Al Rabe is that form drag on a stunt ship isn't an altogether bad thing.  First because we don't need to fly at speeds that demand minimization of drag and second that some form drag (as opposed to high induced drag from inefficient lifting surfaces that can compromise speed control in maneuvers) really helps control speed and to some degree allows the use of greater thrust without excessive airspeed which can benefit us by virtue of improved speed consistency.

The things to which I attributed the Imitation's wonderful handling qualities were the relatively high aspect ratio wing, the longer and larger tail and the small chord flaps (15% of the chord at all stations) which reduced hinge loads and allowed a light touch on the handle.  The original was a very predictable flier than didn't require any significant amount of practice to fly well and was very forgiving of trim variations.  A ton of Imitation derivatives were built in the Bay Area with built up fuses taken more or less directly from the plans for the Excitation which was based on the Imitation aerodynamic ideas and profile view but used a more tapered wing with swept forward hingelines.  The hermaphrodite versions simply put the better handling Imitation wing in the Excitation fuse with a tiny adjustment to the wing cut-out to place the MAC in the proper place.  David Fitz, for example, built at least two (and I think three) of these that he flew with some success at Nats and team trials.

The bottom line vis a vis profile versus built up stunters is that serious stunt fliers want serious looking airplanes and, frankly, need them to optimize the handicapping that precedes flight--i.e. appearance points.  There is also the questionable concern about impression points from the judges--a subject into which I prefer not to venture ;) ;).

Ted

Now shame on you Ted...I didn't really say the profiles were inherently inferior fliers, I said that they were structually inferior and that it was nearly impossible to make the fuselage stiff enough to be the equal of the built up version.

At any rate my statement was meant as an infusion of a bit of levity.  Nearly everyone in the thread has taken the opposite argument to my original statements and many came to conclusions about those statements that do not necessarily follow logic.
Some have discussed going to great lengths to make the fuselage stiffer.  Most of those completely over ride any advantage to building a profile in the first place.  Most would also be likely to actually build heavier than a similar built up fuselage which would most likely still be somewhat stiffer.

The original question was can a profile stunter with flaps fly as well as a built up stunter with flaps.

I assumed that in order to honestly answer that question one must consider everything except the profile fuselage to be on an equal aerodynamic status, excepting for the increased drag, which I also do not think is really an issue.   I also assumed that the gentleman asking the question didn't want any special consideration placed on it like...well it's fine if you're only a sport flier, or it will work just as well if you don't try to fly it in high winds.

A Stabilizer is supposed to do just that...stabilize.  If it is twisting one way on the up wind side of the circle and the other on the downwind side of the circle, as I have actually witnessed some do, it really isn't doing it's intended job.  if it flexes back and forth in turbulent air caused by prop wake, not only torsionally but laterally also, as I have actually witnessed, it isn't doing it's intended job.

The imitation is in my opinion a very good flying airplane.  I contribute that to truly superior aerodynamic design.  I have flown two different ones belonging to OP and one flew very well.  The other was in bad need of some trimming (it also had sticky controls) to make it competitive or easier to fly, but the owner couldn't be convinced of that.  As an intermediate level flier he thought it was fine for him.
I didn't fly either of them in contest typical afternoon wind but am willing to take your word if you say they will deal with wind.

Nearly all of the other profiles I've flown including my own with all the geodetic and carbon fiber tricks...didn't.  That's not to say they couldn't be flown in wind just that they were quirky and less precise.  That's especially true in dead calm conditions where prop wake is prevalent.  

So...if the airplanes are considered aerodynamically equal but one is structurally inferior to the other, my conclusion remains that under at least some conditions the structurally inferior one will be at a disadvantage.

I would agree with Tim Wescott that all the stiffening tricks to make the profile fuselage stiff does infringe on it's main advantage of being simple and easy to repair.
Given that, the question looms...Why build one if you are looking for the BEST flier!

Randy Cuberly  H^^
PS:  I really enjoyed your rendition of the National Anthem in the other thread.
       I envy you because as an "Old tired Guy" I'm not doing much singing anymore.
Randy Cuberly
Tucson, AZ

Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #30 on: February 08, 2013, 02:34:41 PM »
Now shame on you Ted...I didn't really say the profiles were inherently inferior fliers, I said that they were structually inferior and that it was nearly impossible to make the fuselage stiff enough to be the equal of the built up version.

At any rate my statement was meant as an infusion of a bit of levity.  Nearly everyone in the thread has taken the opposite argument to my original statements and many have done as you did and came to conclusions about those statements that do not necessarily follow logic.
Some have discussed going to great lengths to make the fuselage stiffer.  Most of those completely over ride any advantage to building a profile in the first place.  Most would also be likely to actually build heavier than a similar built up fuselage which would most likely still be somewhat stiffer.

The original question was can a profile stunter with flaps fly as well as a built up stunter with flaps.
I assumed that in order to honestly answer that question one must consider everything except the profile fuselage to be on an equal aerodynamic status, excepting for the increased drag, which I also do not think is really and issue.
I also assumed that the gentleman asking the question didn't want any special consideration placed on it like...well it's fine if you're only a sport flier, or it will work just as well if you don't try to fly it in high winds.
A Stabilizer is supposed to do just that...stabilize.  If it is twisting one way on the up wind side of the circle and the other on the downwind side of the circle, as I have actually witnessed some do, it really isn't doing it's intended job.  if it flexes back and forth in turbulent air caused by prop wake, not only torsionally but laterally also, as I have actually witnessed, it isn't doing it's intended job.

The imitation is in my opinion a very good flying airplane.  I contribute that to truly superior aerodynamic design.  I have flown two different ones belonging to OP and one flew very well.  The other was in bad need of some trimming (it also had sticky controls) to make it competitive or easier to fly, but the owner couldn't be convinced of that.  As an intermediate level flier he thought it was fine for him.
I didn't fly either of them in contest typical afternoon wind but am willing to take your word if you say they will deal with wind.

Nearly all of the other profiles I've flown including my own with all the geodetic and carbon fiber tricks...didn't.  That's not to say they couldn't be flown in wind just that they were quirky and less precise.  That's especially true in dead calm conditions where prop wake is prevalent.  

So...if the airplanes are considered aerodynamically equal but one is structurally inferior to the other, my conclusion remains that under at least some conditions the structurally inferior one will be at a disadvantage.

I would agree with Tim Wescott that all the stiffening tricks to make the profile fuselage stiff does infringe on it's main advantage of being simple and easy to repair.
Given that, the question looms...Why build one if you are looking for the BEST flier!

Randy Cuberly
PS:  I really enjoyed your rendition of the National Anthem in the other thread.
       I envy you because as an "Old tired Guy" I'm not doing much singing anymore.

Randy,

Hope you know I've just been pulling your leg?

The Imitation was built as a profile for a very specific reason.  It was a testbed airplane for trying different engines, flap configurations and trim setups (flap/elevator ratios, etc. before the invention of the slider horn, for instance).  A profile got all the "stuff" out in the open where it could be easily played with.  The exceptional flying ability was a real bonus.  The primary item I wanted to test (flap size and span) proved to be very valuable and supported some of my preconceived beliefs about them...primarily some advantages to having them no bigger than necessary.  It also was a testbed for the very blunt and forward high point airfoil idea that I stole from Whitley's '78 winner.  It also sported a very thick stab (an inch or more at the root) and elevator which seemed to prove nothing one way or the other and the full fuse versions (IIRC) were all built with straight forward tails of "standard" thicknesses.

FWIW it flew its best with a .46 four stroke (forgot the make...hate old timer's) long before the 4 banger era dawned.  With the heavier engine mounted further forward due to the rear intake and the lead in the tail necessary to trim out the added weight the thing weighed some 62 or 63 oz on a ~610 Square inch wing.  It handled the weight with aplomb and you could fly recognizable patterns nearly half rule book size with it.  Wouldn't even think about stalling...except if you tried to stretch the glide; when it did stall it quit abruptly.

Thanks for the nice comments on the anthem.  It was fun doing it.

Ted

Offline Randy Cuberly

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #31 on: February 08, 2013, 04:03:26 PM »
Randy,

Hope you know I've just been pulling your leg?

The Imitation was built as a profile for a very specific reason.  It was a testbed airplane for trying different engines, flap configurations and trim setups (flap/elevator ratios, etc. before the invention of the slider horn, for instance).  A profile got all the "stuff" out in the open where it could be easily played with.  The exceptional flying ability was a real bonus.  The primary item I wanted to test (flap size and span) proved to be very valuable and supported some of my preconceived beliefs about them...primarily some advantages to having them no bigger than necessary.  It also was a testbed for the very blunt and forward high point airfoil idea that I stole from Whitley's '78 winner.  It also sported a very thick stab (an inch or more at the root) and elevator which seemed to prove nothing one way or the other and the full fuse versions (IIRC) were all built with straight forward tails of "standard" thicknesses.

FWIW it flew its best with a .46 four stroke (forgot the make...hate old timer's) long before the 4 banger era dawned.  With the heavier engine mounted further forward due to the rear intake and the lead in the tail necessary to trim out the added weight the thing weighed some 62 or 63 oz on a ~610 Square inch wing.  It handled the weight with aplomb and you could fly recognizable patterns nearly half rule book size with it.  Wouldn't even think about stalling...except if you tried to stretch the glide; when it did stall it quit abruptly.

Thanks for the nice comments on the anthem.  It was fun doing it.

Ted

Hi Ted,
Yes I did know the reason for being for the Imitation and definitely took no offense at your post, and certainly meant none with mine.
Hope to see you again sometime soon.

Thanks.
Randy C.
Randy Cuberly
Tucson, AZ

Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #32 on: February 08, 2013, 04:18:48 PM »
Hi Ted,
Yes I did know the reason for being for the Imitation and definitely took no offense at your post, and certainly meant none with mine.
Hope to see you again sometime soon.

Thanks.
Randy C.

A month from now sounds about right!

Ted

Offline Kim Mortimore

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #33 on: February 09, 2013, 03:57:20 PM »
Ted,
I have learned a lot about trimming recently from rereading and rerereading etc. your Imitation article, and experimenting with trim adjustments on the Imitation I am currently flying (60 oz. with an LA46, which seems like fairly adequate power...pretty much, though I'm thinking of switching to a Rustler-Merco .61 Metamorph, which weighs just a tad more with mufflers).  Two questions:

First, you said in the article that the competition plane you were flying at the time was too much of a thoroughbred, requiring a lot of adjustments depending on the flying conditions (I'm paraphrasing from memory), and you wanted the Imitation to be easier to trim and not require a lot of adjusting with changing conditions.  Can you say more about what design factors were changed to accomplish this goal?  I realize this was about a hunnerd years ago.....oops! my bad, hadn't oughta of said that... ~^  %^@  VD~

Second, in the article you were adding/subtracting the small outer flap sections symmetrically so both flaps had the same number of operating sections at any one time.  Brett was at the Gilroy field recently, and he said that you ended up with more operational sections on the outboard flap than the inboard (he didn't say how many), so that the outboard flap was larger.  Can you comment on this as to why, and how many more sections the outer flap ended up with.

I find that the amount of tipweight I need for proper roll attitude in level flight is greater than the amount needed for proper roll attitude in maneuvers, both on the Imitation and on virtually every other plane I have flown.  I am considering cutting a section of the inboard flap on the Imitation a few inches from the tip and making it stationary to reduce the size of the inboard flap (the plane has one-piece flaps without the tip sections), in an attempt to reduce the roll I experience equally in both inside and outside tricks.  If this sounds to you like a reasonable experiment to try, how large a section would you recommending cutting?  Thanks in advance.
« Last Edit: February 09, 2013, 04:31:32 PM by Kim Mortimore »
Kim Mortimore
Santa Clara, CA

Offline Brett Buck

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #34 on: February 09, 2013, 03:59:28 PM »
FWIW it flew its best with a .46 four stroke (forgot the make...hate old timer's) long before the 4 banger era dawned. 

   Enya.

    Brett

Offline Larry Fernandez

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #35 on: February 09, 2013, 07:31:23 PM »
[quote author=Kim Mortimore

 I am considering cutting a section of the inboard flap on the Imitation a few inches from the tip and making it stationary to reduce the size of the inboard flap (the plane has one-piece flaps without the tip sections), in an attempt to reduce the roll I experience equally in both inside and outside tricks.  If this sounds to you like a reasonable experiment to try, how large a section would you recommending cutting?  Thanks in advance.
[/quote]


Rather than trim the length of the flap, I would instead trim the width. Starting with about an eighth of an inch.
I'm curious, is the inboard wing longer than the outboard? if so how much?

Larry Buttafucco Stunt Team

Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #36 on: February 10, 2013, 07:50:01 AM »
Attempt to find a copy of the Imitation article.  Ted did a lot experimentation on flap sizes and used a method of changing flap widths with connecting wires and various hinging methods.  The article is a great read, as well as his Excitation follow up article.  The Imitation has the bulk of the aerodynamics conclusions.

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #37 on: February 10, 2013, 08:22:04 AM »

Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #38 on: February 10, 2013, 01:00:08 PM »
Ted,
I have learned a lot about trimming recently from rereading and rerereading etc. your Imitation article, and experimenting with trim adjustments on the Imitation I am currently flying (60 oz. with an LA46, which seems like fairly adequate power...pretty much, though I'm thinking of switching to a Rustler-Merco .61 Metamorph, which weighs just a tad more with mufflers).  Two questions:

First, you said in the article that the competition plane you were flying at the time was too much of a thoroughbred, requiring a lot of adjustments depending on the flying conditions (I'm paraphrasing from memory), and you wanted the Imitation to be easier to trim and not require a lot of adjusting with changing conditions.  Can you say more about what design factors were changed to accomplish this goal?  I realize this was about a hunnerd years ago.....oops! my bad, hadn't oughta of said that... ~^  %^@  VD~

Second, in the article you were adding/subtracting the small outer flap sections symmetrically so both flaps had the same number of operating sections at any one time.  Brett was at the Gilroy field recently, and he said that you ended up with more operational sections on the outboard flap than the inboard (he didn't say how many), so that the outboard flap was larger.  Can you comment on this as to why, and how many more sections the outer flap ended up with.

I find that the amount of tipweight I need for proper roll attitude in level flight is greater than the amount needed for proper roll attitude in maneuvers, both on the Imitation and on virtually every other plane I have flown.  I am considering cutting a section of the inboard flap on the Imitation a few inches from the tip and making it stationary to reduce the size of the inboard flap (the plane has one-piece flaps without the tip sections), in an attempt to reduce the roll I experience equally in both inside and outside tricks.  If this sounds to you like a reasonable experiment to try, how large a section would you recommending cutting?  Thanks in advance.

Hi Kim,

I hope you took advantage of the link to the Imitation design article that should shed some light on your questions.

Re the trim problems associated with the ships prior to the Imitation.  I believe they were primarily the result of two factors combined with the fact that us California guys flying in relatively dry and cool sea level air found the much moister and warmer Nats locations back East to have a significant effect on things such as engine power, response rate, lift, props etc.  We came to grips with the engine thrust things over time by planning on using more nitro under such conditions and, often, a touch more pitch plus, if necessary, a bit higher ground speed/lap times.   A little wider line spacing at the handle has been helpful as well.

The aerodynamic issues were exacerbated by those same atmospheric concerns (primarily air density effects).  CGs that provided brisk performance in Cal failed to do so in hot muggy conditions, for instance.  From that we worked our way to the now ubiquitous larger tails and more aft CGs about which I've written on numerous occasions and which mitigate the need for substantial trim changes to the airplane with varying air density.  The Imitation was my first attempt at larger than (then) standard 15-18% of the wing area tails at 22% (on the plans--and an even larger percentage after an inch was cut off the the inboard wing after the ship was damaged being blown out of E.D. Lanny Short's van at a Nats where he was using it to warm up judges).  Once we got to our current standard of tails at or about 25% of the wing area and CGs back around 25% of the MAC changes in response rate's pretty much became a non issue once we got our power back up to Cal levels by bumping nitro and, if necessary, prop pitch and airspeed.  Smaller percentage of chord elevators on lower than common tail aspect ratios became standard on our designs after the Imitation as well which, when combined with the smaller chord flaps I prefer reduced control input forces necessary to fly the desired size maneuvers and corners.

The other factor that was eliminated from my earlier designs (primarily the Citation and variants) was the regular use of swept forward flap hinge lines.  Originally done to simplify construction of the Imitation, subsequent designs such as the Excitation and Intimidation (winner of the 1982 Walker Cup) went back to them for strictly cosmetic purposes (I like the look of more forward sweep on the trailing edge).  When both of those designs proved to give occasional "fits" in trimming I decided to dump the swept hinge lines for good.

Re cutting the flaps.  Number one, "NEVER" cut "INCHES" off of anything from a basically sound set up.  Adjustments to a fundamentally sound design will almost always require only small "tweaks" assuming the builder has chosen a sound design and recreated it as accurately as possible.

I have frequently utilized tabs on the outboard tip of the outboard flap to fine tune tip weight vice flap area to control unwanted roll in maneuvers  compared to level flight or vice versa.  Balsa "tabs" of a variety of sized can be taped to the outboard flap to experiment with how much is enough.  If such roll trim is necessary that's what I would advocate.

Re Brett's comments about the original Imitation.  The last section of each flap was only about an inch long  (check the plans to confirm that).  IIRC, after deciding the most competitive arrangement of the flaps was utilizing all of them (a lot of what I was after was produced by the much reduced chord of the Imitation flaps) I may well have fixed the outermost one inch of the inboard flap (I frankly don't remember but have found it unwise to question Brett's memory!).  Again, IIRC, the original design had the then common two inches of wing asymmetry which was reduced to about one inch after repairs following the incident with Lanny.  The excessive asymmetry of the original was likely the source of it being "OK" with that entire chunk of flap fixed.

Hope this helps your understanding of what we did with the ship.

Ted

p.s.  There was a followup article about the Imitation that was primarily a construction article but did include some aero and performance discussions IIRC.  I think both are available from the AMA web site.

Offline Tim Wescott

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #39 on: February 10, 2013, 01:13:15 PM »
When was the Imitation originally published?  Was it in MA?
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Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #40 on: February 10, 2013, 01:39:57 PM »
Yes, but I am not sure when.  Go to AMA site and find the library and then search for Imitation.

https://library.modelaviation.com/ma/1979/10/designing-imitation

Try this.

Allen

Offline Allen Brickhaus

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #41 on: February 10, 2013, 02:20:38 PM »
Look up Imitation 1, Imitation 2 and Excitation.  Read and memorize.  Test on Tuesday.

Allen

https://library.modelaviation.com/search/node/Imitation

Offline Garf

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #42 on: February 10, 2013, 03:21:18 PM »
I believe that for 95% of us, A well built profile model flies well enough to where there is no advantage in a built up fuselage model.

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #43 on: February 10, 2013, 03:28:43 PM »
Phil I know in my case that is true.  I never was and never will be on the level of a lot of these men who are the best of the best in stunt flying.  I have watched a lot of expert stunt flyers and it takes practice and dedication and a drive to be the best you can be.  I have built many full fuselage ships and flew them to the best of my ability but a profile suits my needs just fine... I still build but do not fly anymore.  But when I flew, it was for the pure fun of it.  It is a wonderful hobby and sometimes I think we are the last of a dying breed.

Mike

Offline Kim Mortimore

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #44 on: February 10, 2013, 05:29:42 PM »

Yes, but I am not sure when.  Go to AMA site and find the library and then search for Imitation.

https://library.modelaviation.com/ma/1979/10/designing-imitation

Try this.

Allen


This is the link for the second part of the Imitation article (construction and flight trim).  For the first part (theory and design), just change the month number /10/ to number /9/ in the link.  All else is the same.


Hi Kim,
I hope you took advantage of the link to the Imitation design article that should shed some light on your questions.........

Ted

p.s.  There was a followup article about the Imitation that was primarily a construction article but did include some aero and performance discussions IIRC.  I think both are available from the AMA web site.


Hi Ted,
Yes, I have read both parts of the article many times.  That was the "...rereading and rerereading, etc. the Imitation article..." in my post.  

Thanks for the background info about flying in hot, muggy weather, and it's role in triggering the design changes.  Very interesting history.  As a side note, we flew in 90+ degree/90+ percent conditions a few years back and our engines, which ran fine in CA, would quit after about 2 minutes.  This pilot's old, sagging body would quit after about 4 minutes.   LL~  But that's another story.
 

The Imitation was my first attempt at larger than (then) standard 15-18% of the wing area tails at 22% (on the plans--and an even larger percentage after an inch was cut off the the inboard wing after the ship was damaged being blown out of E.D. Lanny Short's van at a Nats where he was using it to warm up judges).  Once we got to our current standard of tails at or about 25% of the wing area and CGs back around 25% of the MAC changes in response rate's pretty much became a non issue once we got our power back up to Cal levels by bumping nitro and, if necessary, prop pitch and airspeed.  Smaller percentage of chord elevators on lower than common tail aspect ratios became standard on our designs after the Imitation as well which, when combined with the smaller chord flaps I prefer reduced control input forces necessary to fly the desired size maneuvers and corners.........


[Bold type added]  OK, NOW I think I unnerstand mo' better.  I had assumed that the Imitation was an incremental change from the "thoroughbred" Citation, as is typical with most top Expert's iterations of their previous designs.

The elimination of the swept-forward TE is interesting.  I vaguely remember someone saying they could sometimes be hard to trim, and also thinking that Werwage's Juno was a sexy-looking beastie.

I will try trim tabs of different sizes on the tip of the outboard flap.  Obviously these are easier to undo if needed than chopping into the planes.

Finally, I calculated the CG on the Imitation plans in the article, and I get 16% MAC.  This seems low.  I wonder if I might have done it wrong.

Thanks again for your detailed reply.  I appreciate it.   H^^





Kim Mortimore
Santa Clara, CA

Offline Ted Fancher

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #45 on: February 10, 2013, 10:05:08 PM »


I will try trim tabs of different sizes on the tip of the outboard flap.  Obviously these are easier to undo if needed than chopping into the planes.

Finally, I calculated the CG on the Imitation plans in the article, and I get 16% MAC.  This seems low.  I wonder if I might have done it wrong.

Thanks again for your detailed reply.  I appreciate it.   H^^




Kim,

It's entirely possible the CG shown on the plans is in that vicinity.  The Imitation was the beginning of the development of my theories that eventually culminated and were refined in the Trivial Pursuit variants.  Along with a lot of brain picking and flat out stealing from others such as Brett, Paul, David, Randy Smith, Brian Eather and others.  As you've suggested it was a progression...not a revelation! ??? ??? y1 y1 #^ #^

Ted

[/quote]

Offline Tim Wescott

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #46 on: February 10, 2013, 10:44:50 PM »
This thread is doing baaaad things to my head.  It made me ask "what's better looking than a Hobo, but still easier to build and repair than the usual Expert-class stunter?"

Now I've gone and done all this design work.  Front & rear top decks are made all of flat pieces -- I'm still struggling with how to make the canopy section look good.

(Compare to the plans for a Fancherized Twister).
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Offline Brett Buck

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #47 on: February 11, 2013, 12:32:13 AM »
This thread is doing baaaad things to my head.  It made me ask "what's better looking than a Hobo, but still easier to build and repair than the usual Expert-class stunter?"

Now I've gone and done all this design work.  Front & rear top decks are made all of flat pieces -- I'm still struggling with how to make the canopy section look good.

(Compare to the plans for a Fancherized Twister).

     Perfection is the enemy of good enough.
     Brett

Online Howard Rush

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #48 on: February 11, 2013, 12:59:25 AM »
And as I've told you before, leave looking good to the Jive Combat Team.
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Offline MikeyPratt

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Re: A Flapped Profile vs. A flapped built up fuselage
« Reply #49 on: February 11, 2013, 09:38:16 AM »
Even with the narrow fuselage of profiles, you can build the fuselage with two pieces of 1/4" balsa and make a sandwich of slow/slow curing epoxy over carbon fiber between the two pieces of balsa.  Clamp it down tight and allow it to cure for 24 hours.  Then shape the fuselage to shape.  This will work for the Coyote, Doctor, Medic, Excalibur, etc.

Right ON Allen,
I've done this for years on all of the Force projects.  Now cover the outside of the profile with C/F Vail and dope (or finishing epoxy) and it is about as stiff as you can get.

Mikey

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