Hi MM, It sounds like Andy was giving you the right advice and your system is just out of its optimum working range. The flight time is set in 10 second steps, but just remember that you need to add the start-up delay as well. The default is 25 seconds. Having said that, the time of the actual motor run should be as per the number of secs that you set.
It's still a little strange that you can't set the rpm range properly, because the program can actually go from real slow to flat out. The governor working range is the thing that needs to be in a certain optimum band to be efficient, but this is common to all governor systems. What you can try is my usual method of getting everything back to basics. With the battery disconnected, put the slide switch into the ON position. Now connect the battery. You should hear a couple of quick beeps and then they stop. Now switch the slide switch off again, and the usual esc start-up beeps should be played. This sets the throttle range of the esc to that of the timer.
Unplug the battery and replace the slide switch with the programming card. Re-connect the battery and press the S1 button once and the LED should light up. Press S1 twice, the LED flashes twice to let you know that you are now in set rpm mode, and the motor should run up to the last rpm that was programmed. Now the "<" and ">" buttons should set the rpm up and down with a good range. As Andy said, you can stick a small prop on to the motor and set the rpm this way. If you then replace the prop with the one you want to fly with, and it can't hold the same rpm, then it means that your overall system is not powerful enough. What I sometimes do to check the system out is to put one of my R/C receivers onto the esc, calibrate it with the throttle stick, and then give it full throttle. This is just quicker than pressing the ">" button on my system, and also lets you know if the rest of the system without the timer is o.k. This tells me what the maximum rpm can be and I just allow a lower percentage for the governor to work. The trick is to set the governor rpm so that it can still hold the set rpm when the battery is at its lowest useful voltage at the end of the flight.
I hope that this helps a bit. Keep us posted.
Keith R