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Author Topic: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?  (Read 1870 times)

Bruce Shipp

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Is it possible to shut down an electric system on demand after it has been started?  I thought of this while reading the arming switch rules proposal thread.  An IC motor with a full tank can be stopped by holding the nose straight down and starving it of fuel.  Does the typical electric set up have this capability, or once a full flight timer sequence has started, will it run for the duration?  Obviously unplugging the battery will do the trick but may not be a practical choice depending on the design and/or set up. 

Thanks.

Offline Crist Rigotti

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #1 on: October 10, 2011, 08:25:34 AM »
With the Hubin timers, after the motor starts, just press the button and the motor will stop.
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Bruce Shipp

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #2 on: October 10, 2011, 09:36:09 AM »
Thank you, Crist.  I figured that would be the answer.

Offline PerttiMe

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #3 on: October 10, 2011, 10:44:00 AM »
If you have a (highly recommended!) arming switch or plug, using it would be practical. A button on the timer is of course handy for most "normal" situations.
I built a Blue Pants as a kid. Wish I still had it. Might even learn to fly it.

Offline Andrew Borgogna

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #4 on: October 10, 2011, 10:59:00 AM »
With the KR timer you move the on/off switch to the off position and it shuts down the motor.
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Online Tim Wescott

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #5 on: October 10, 2011, 10:59:36 AM »
With the Hubin timers, after the motor starts, just press the button and the motor will stop.
If, of course, they aren't malfunctioning.  Which is what has Brett all het up.
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Offline Robert Redmon

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #6 on: October 10, 2011, 12:36:41 PM »
As far as I know, all modern, brushless esc's are designed to not function at all unless the pulse width presented to them by the controller (timer in our case) is within normal parameters. If the pulse is too short, the motor will not start. If the pulse is too long, the motor will not start. If no pulse is present, the motor will not run. With brushless motors, most catastrophic esc failures will result in improperly timed pulses to be sent to the motor, so to motor won't function at all.

As far as I know, all of the currently available timers have on/off switch or start/stop button. Usually, this is all that is needed. My wife is my pit person, and she is very non-technical, but she can push a start/stop button in the event of a problem. When I landed inverted at the Wichita contest this fall(long story), the motor continued running (after grinding the prop to a nub on the concrete...in a matter of seconds), she walked over and pushed the button, stopping the motor. She also knew to disconnect the battery (by simply disconnecting the external battery connection in this case), which she did without prompting. This is not rocket science, folks.

Bob
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Online Tim Wescott

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #7 on: October 10, 2011, 12:45:32 PM »
As far as I know, all modern, brushless esc's are designed to not function at all unless the pulse width presented to them by the controller (timer in our case) is within normal parameters. If the pulse is too short, the motor will not start. If the pulse is too long, the motor will not start. If no pulse is present, the motor will not run. With brushless motors, most catastrophic esc failures will result in improperly timed pulses to be sent to the motor, so to motor won't function at all.

Having been doing embedded software and circuit design for over 20 years now, I know that just about any conceivable malfunction that might occur, sooner or later will occur.  It's just a question of when.  I've even heard of systems that curse at customers (this sort of system behavior generally involves a joke by the software developers that doesn't get purged before shipping -- but it has happened).  So my inclination is to take a pretty defensive posture vis-a-vis trusting the electronics.

Quote
She also knew to disconnect the battery (by simply disconnecting the external battery connection in this case), which she did without prompting. This is not rocket science, folks.

If you look at Brett's proposed rule, all that he's asking is a rule to make sure that the battery does get disconnected before the plane is allowed to sit unattended.  I think the measures he wants to take to insure it are a bit extreme, but the "disconnect without prompting" part is what he's looking for, and what I endorse.
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Online Igor Burger

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #8 on: October 10, 2011, 01:46:28 PM »
Guys, I think you asking for troubles, disconnecting battery during run can lead to damage and even to burning of ESC/battery. If you want arming plug, use it as an arming plug, not a device which will shut off running motor. Instead of safety you can burn your house.

Offline Robert Redmon

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #9 on: October 10, 2011, 04:36:02 PM »
Igor, Depending upon the design of the esc, disconnecting the battery while the motor is running might corrupt the firmware in the esc, but that could easily be re-flashed. It is then conceivable that the corrupted firmware might turn one or more of the 3 motor (winding) drivers on in a steady, unmodulated state, possibly destroying the motor and the esc, especially if the esc does not have a current limiting safety. This could also overheat and damage the battery, and we all know that damaged lipo cells are hazardous. Consequently, disconnecting the battery while the motor is running is not a really good idea, and if this is done, I believe the wise move is to reload the firmware and reset the parameters...just to be on the safe side...before attempting to use it again. 

I think Brett's proposal makes sense if the language and intent is that electric powered U/C planes not be left sitting on the flight line or in the pits with the battery connected. With this, I strongly agree, for a number of reasons. I also think conventional planes should not sit on the flight line fueled. However, any single solution such as a dedicated external "arming" plug, though not a bad idea generally, is often overkill. As long as the plane is not "armed" (I really don't like the munition metaphor.) until just prior to flight and is then "disarmed" immediately upon leaving the circle (or when an emergency occurs AND the "off" switch doesn't work), I can't see how anyone is at risk other than the pilot and his/her helper, and certainly not more at risk than with an modern IC stunter that must be stuffed in the dirt or some such to kill in an emergency. Maybe an "arming plug" for methanol powered planes in the form of a loop of fuel tubing accessible without dis-assembly also makes good sense. After all, none of them have an "off" switch.

Bob

But then, maybe I am just a bit myopic.

Bob
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Offline Dean Pappas

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #10 on: October 10, 2011, 07:57:01 PM »
If you have a (highly recommended!) arming switch or plug, using it would be practical. A button on the timer is of course handy for most "normal" situations.
Igor is absolutely right. Yanking the arming switch on a motor running at speed can destroy the ESC due to the voltage spike created.
If you must, disconnect the control cable from the timer.

Regards,
  Dean P.
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Offline Bob Hudak

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #11 on: October 10, 2011, 08:22:10 PM »
The safest way is like Christ said hit the start button on the Hubin timer to stop the motor. Unplugging the battery while the motor is drawing 20 amps or more will create an arc with electric burns possible. I connect my battery on the circle, (never in the pit) with helper holding the plane. Inexperienced asisstants are instructed on how to abort a flight. I would like to see some arming plug systems that are being used that look better than a battery cord hanging in the breeze, and can withstand the constant plugging and unplugging before needing repairs.
                                                Bob
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Offline PerttiMe

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #12 on: October 11, 2011, 03:32:21 AM »
If you must, disconnect the control cable from the timer.
I must be stuck, thinking about the arming before flight and disarming after shutdown... or emergency shutdown if the timer is not responding due to some crosswise bit in the SW.

On a built up fuselage, the control cable is unlikely to be accessible from the outside but disconnecting it should stop the ESC, unless there's something seriously wrong with the ESC.
I built a Blue Pants as a kid. Wish I still had it. Might even learn to fly it.

Offline john e. holliday

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #13 on: October 11, 2011, 08:53:59 AM »
Robert, I have been to contests where the event director ask that you fuel up in the pit area and not on the circle.  H^^
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Online Igor Burger

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #14 on: October 13, 2011, 03:36:35 AM »
I do not think that diconnecting of battery while motor runs is risk for firmware ... but teoretically also that can happen. The problem are high voltage peaks as Dean wrote. The motor is induction, and when transistors switch current to coil off, the self induction pushes the current further, and it goes via diodes back to the battery as short charging peaks. If battery is not present, the current will make high voltage on transistors and it can damage them. It will lead to burn next time you connect battery. I know minimally one of completaly burned model because of exactly this reason. Unfortunately it was so bad, that damaged was only one transistor, so after connecting of battery everything looked well, but after first throttle up, ESC started to burn, it shorted the battery and pilot could only look how it burns. It was F3A model with 10 cells, but also 4 or 6 cells can do bad thing.

It does not need too much imagination - disconnect battery on field because of something, go home, connected battery to repair the error ... and your hose burns.

So ... never do that. If you need to cut off the e-motor, use either function of timer, if not available, use switch of the ESC wchich will cut the run and also cut the power to timer - both leads to motor stop, if your ESC does not have switch, make switch on power lead to timer (some ESCs has switches only for that connector anyway), it will do the same, and if you do not want it (for example my indoors do not have any switch) then just disconnect timer from ESC connector, it will stop as well.

To prevent problem of voltage peaks, it needs to properly choose large capacitors, which will flat that voltage out, but as I say - it is not trivial task, not for beginners. Additionally capacitors tend to lose capacity during the time, and it is not so easy to chceck them. That is also reason why producers of ESC recommend to use additional low ESR capacitors in middle of long battery leads, and that happens if we install arming plug. So if you use arming plug, and leads are not direct and short, if it needs to add longer lead, it will be good idea to add the capacitor close to the plug.

Offline Dennis Toth

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Re: How do you shut down an electric system after it has been started?
« Reply #15 on: October 14, 2011, 11:23:51 AM »
Guys,
I have been flying electrics over two years, use a ZTron II timer with CC Phoenix 45 ESC connect to the battery through a 40 amp toggel switch in the (+) battery lead. I have done many short rpm or static current tests where I start the motor via the normal time delay then make my measurements and shut down by the main power switch. I have never had any problem with the ESC, timer or battery pack from this type of shut down.

If this is a REAL problem then Castle should have a warning in the instructions (I have just read the on-line instruction manual and there are not such warnings) also the battery manufactures should do the same. How many people have had this cause a reset? The only way I know of causing a accidental reset is to very quickly shut power off then immediately back on. That seems to put the ESC into program mode and it will reset to factory default setting when you next power up (did this trying to get a test flight in before the grass mower guy got around the field, lesson learned always wait at least 30 secs after shut down to restart and use the factory default run direction - change two wires to reverse for pusher rather than program change). But even then it only went to the default setting and was easily reset and works normal.

If there is no problem let's not create one.

Best,            DennisT


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